Whole vehicle maintenance of electric bicycle

Whole vehicle maintenance of electric bicycle

Vehicle maintenance
First, pay attention to cleaning. After encountering water, especially the salt water in winter (in many cities, salt water is sprayed after heavy snow in winter to avoid freezing), it should be cleaned in time, otherwise it is very easy to cause corrosion of metal parts, aging and peeling of paint film. Second, pay attention to the maximum adjustment height. After a new car has been driven for a period of time, check and adjust the whole car according to the requirements of the manual. At this time, fastening and lubrication are essential. Check whether the fasteners are loose and whether the transmission parts are flexible. Pay attention to wipe off the floating oil after the chain is oiled and lubricated, and then point a little oil on the flywheel. The tyres shall be properly inflated, otherwise the riding comfort and service life will be affected. The brake is the basic guarantee of safety, and should be checked at any time. If any problem is found, it should be adjusted or repaired immediately.
1. The height of saddle and handlebar of electric bicycle shall be adjusted before use to ensure riding comfort and reduce fatigue. The height of the saddle and handlebars should vary from person to person. Generally, the height of the saddle should be suitable for the rider to be able to land on one foot reliably (the whole vehicle should be basically upright), and the height of the handlebars should be suitable for the rider to put his forearms flat and relax his shoulders and arms. However, the adjustment of saddles and handlebars shall first ensure that the insertion depth of pipes and handlebars must be higher than the safety sign line.
2. Before using an electric bicycle, check and adjust the front and rear brakes. The front brake is controlled by the right brake handle, and the rear brake is controlled by the left brake handle. The adjustment of the front and rear brakes is suitable for reliable braking when the left and right brake handle reaches half the stroke; The brake shoe is excessively worn and shall be replaced in time.
3. Check the tightness of the chain before the electric bicycle works. If the chain is too tight, pedaling is laborious, and if it is too loose, it is easy to shake and rub other parts. The sag of the chain is 1-2mm, which is appropriate. Generally, it can be properly tightened when riding without pedals. When adjusting the chain, first loosen the rear wheel nuts, screw out the left and right chain adjusting screws by evenly screwing in, adjust the chain tightness, and then retighten the rear wheel nuts.
4. Check the lubrication of the chain before using the electric bicycle. Feel and observe whether the chain shaft of the chain rotates flexibly and whether the chain link is severely rusted. In case of corrosion or inflexible rotation, add proper lubricating oil, and replace the chain in case of serious corrosion.
5. Before riding an electric bicycle, check whether the tire pressure, handlebar steering flexibility, front and rear wheel rotation flexibility, circuit, battery power, motor working condition, light, horn, fasteners, etc. meet the requirements.
(1) Insufficient tire pressure will increase the friction between the tire and the road, thus reducing the mileage; It will also reduce the flexibility of handlebar rotation and affect the comfort and safety of riding. If the air pressure is insufficient, the air pressure shall be supplemented in time. The tyre pressure shall comply with the recommended air pressure in the Electric Bicycle Operation Manual or the specified air pressure on the tyre surface.
(2) The handlebars shall be lubricated or adjusted in time if they do not rotate flexibly and there are stuck, stiff points or tight points. Grease, calcium base or lithium base grease is generally used for lubrication; During adjustment, loosen the front fork locknut first, rotate the upper gear of the front fork, and lock the front fork locknut when the handlebar rotation flexibility meets the requirements.
(3) If the front and rear wheels are not flexible enough, it will increase the rotational friction, increase the power consumption, and thus reduce the mileage. Therefore, in case of failure, timely lubrication and maintenance shall be carried out. Generally, grease, calcium base or lithium base grease shall be used for lubrication; In case of shaft skin failure, the steel ball or shaft skin can be replaced, and in case of motor failure, it should be repaired by a professional maintenance unit.
(4) During circuit inspection, turn on the power switch to check whether the circuit is unblocked, whether the connector is firmly and reliably inserted, whether the fuse tube works normally, especially whether the battery output terminal is firmly and reliably connected with the cable. Any fault found shall be eliminated in time.
(5) Before traveling, check the battery power, and judge whether the battery power is sufficient according to the traveling mileage. If the power is not sufficient, it should be properly assisted by human riding to avoid undervoltage of the battery.
(6) Check the working condition of the motor before traveling. Start the motor and adjust its speed. Observe and listen to the motor operation. If there is any abnormal phenomenon, repair it in time.
(7) Before using an electric bicycle, check the lights, horns, etc., especially when traveling at night. The headlamp shall be bright, and the beam shall generally fall 5-10m in front of the vehicle; The horn shall be loud and not hoarse; The turn signal lamp shall flash normally, the turn signal indicator shall be normal, and the flashing frequency of the light shall be 75-80 times/minute; The instrument display shall be normal.
(8) Before traveling, check whether the main fasteners are fastened, such as the horizontal pipe, the vertical pipe, the saddle, the saddle pipe, the front wheel, the rear wheel, the middle axle, the lock nut, the pedal and other fasteners should not be loose. If the fasteners are loose or fall off, they should be fastened or replaced in time. The recommended torque of fasteners is generally 18N. m for horizontal pipe, vertical pipe, saddle, saddle pipe, front wheel and pedal, and 30N. m for middle axle locknut and rear wheel.
6. The electric bicycle shall not use zero starting (i.e. starting in situ) as far as possible, especially at the place of load bearing and uphill. When starting, you should ride manually first, and then turn to electric driving when you reach a certain speed, or directly use electric assistance to drive. This is because when starting, the motor must first overcome the static friction. At this time, the current is large, close to or even reach the rotational resistance current, which makes the battery work with high current and accelerates the battery damage.
7. When riding an electric bicycle, try to use manual or electric assistance, especially when driving uphill, with heavy load, windward or rough roads. In this way, it can prevent the battery from discharging with large current for a long time and damaging the battery, which is conducive to improving the mileage of primary charging and prolonging the service life of the battery.
8. Electric bicycles are not suitable for rough or steep roads. In case of such roads, drive slowly or get off the vehicle. When driving under this kind of road, the working environment of motor, controller, battery, etc. is poor, which will reduce the service life and easy to damage.
9. Frequent braking and starting shall be avoided when driving an electric bicycle. Before or at the same time, the speed regulating handle shall be turned back. Try to ride manually in the area supported by the road. In this way, the damage to the battery caused by high current during starting can be avoided.
10. The standard load of an electric bicycle is 75 kg, and overloading should be avoided as far as possible. If the vehicle is overloaded, it shall use manual riding and manual assistance.
11. When using electric bicycles in cold weather, try to drive them with manual or electric assistance; In addition, attention should be paid to the battery power and voltage indication. In cold weather, the discharge depth of the battery should be appropriately reduced. Never drive under voltage. This is because the charging capacity and discharge capacity of the battery are reduced in cold weather.
12. Electric bicycles are not afraid of rain and snow. However, in case of water accumulation, the water level shall not exceed the lower edge of the electric hub bearing seat to prevent damage caused by water ingress into the motor. After riding in rainy and snowy days, wipe it as soon as possible; If the electrical parts are immersed in water, they should also be dried with a hair dryer. To avoid corrosion of iron parts, electric leakage, short circuit and other faults.
13. When riding in rainy and snowy days, the driving speed should be appropriately reduced. When braking, pay attention to increase the braking distance to prevent sideslip and turning around, so as not to endanger personal safety.
14. Electric bicycles should be kept away from long-term sunlight and stored in a cool place. Sunlight exposure will accelerate the aging of paint, plastic parts, rubber parts and electronic components, reducing their service life and reliability.
15. When charging the storage battery, the matching charger or the charger designated by the manufacturer shall be used instead of being mixed; During charging, the storage battery and charger should be located in a ventilated and cool place. They should be placed securely. They should be kept away from flammable and explosive articles, avoid high temperature, humidity and water. It is prohibited to cover them with articles, and it is prohibited for infants and children to touch them. During charging, firstly confirm that the grid voltage and frequency meet the requirements of the charger, then connect the battery to the charger output terminal, and the charger input terminal to the grid; After charging, disconnect the power grid first, and then disconnect the charger from the battery. It generally takes 6-8 hours to charge the lead-acid battery.
16. When the battery reaches the undervoltage state, it should be stopped and charged as early as possible. It is prohibited to use the recovery voltage of the battery, and it is prohibited to discharge the battery deeply and over discharge. It is better to charge the battery when it is used, so that it is always in the high power state. It is recommended to charge at least once a day.
17. The storage battery shall be placed in a cool and cool place with moderate air humidity. The storage battery shall be kept upright; The battery shall be fully charged for a long time storage and shall be recharged regularly, generally once a month. When the lead-acid battery is stored for a long time, a few drops of distilled water can be added to offset the evaporation of water and reduce the vulcanization of the plate.
18. When using an electric bicycle for the first time, you should carefully read the User Manual to understand its performance. Don't lend it to someone who can't operate an electric bicycle.
19. The mentally ill, alcoholics and other disabled people who are not suitable for riding are prohibited to use electric bicycles; People with heart disease, epilepsy and color blindness should be careful when riding.
20. The electric bicycle is a non motor vehicle. You should abide by the traffic rules and drive on the non motor vehicle lane or the local specified lane.
21. Electric bicycles should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place away from corrosive liquids and gases; When storing, the vehicle shall be upright with sufficient tire pressure; No heavy objects can be loaded on the vehicle body; And the storage battery shall be stored separately.
Battery maintenance
Electric vehicles have become popular as a means of transportation. People find that the battery capacity of electric vehicles shrinks greatly in winter than in summer, or it becomes difficult to charge, or even start. In fact, most of this is due to consumers' neglect of battery maintenance in winter. The reporter visited several electric vehicle repair shops in the capital to learn about the maintenance of electric vehicle batteries.
The maintenance personnel of an electric vehicle maintenance shop in Saihan District told the reporter that the best working environment temperature of the battery is 15 ℃~40 ℃. Outside this temperature range, the normal operation of the battery will be affected and the battery life will be shortened. A normal lead-acid battery can ensure that the maximum driving distance of the vehicle is 50 km. Due to the principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction, when the ambient temperature is - 10 ℃, the battery power cannot be discharged 100%. The driving distance of a fully charged car in winter is much less than that in summer. Therefore, battery maintenance is very important.
First, in terms of charging, after going home every time, no matter how long you use it, you should charge it to keep the battery in a fully charged state. If you do not fully charge the battery occasionally, it has little impact on the battery, but you often do not fully charge the battery, the battery will have a "memory", affect its mileage, and also consume its service life. When charging, first plug in the battery plug, then plug in the power plug. After charging, first unplug the power plug, and then unplug the battery plug.
Secondly, start the electric vehicle to avoid heavy current discharge and reduce manned driving. It is better to promote or assist riding manually when climbing, otherwise it will cause great damage to the battery. If the vehicle is parked in the open air or cold storage for several weeks without use, the battery should be removed and stored in a warm room to prevent the battery from freezing and damage. In addition, if the temperature is too low, the service time of the electric vehicle shall be shortened as far as possible, and the electric vehicle shall be charged in time. If the battery car is not to be used in winter, the battery should not be recharged until it is used in the next year. Instead, the battery should be charged once every 1 month to ensure the storage capacity of the lead-acid battery and avoid damage to the battery due to acid spillage. The maintenance personnel said that when maintaining the battery, they should remember to charge frequently and help more.
After half a year of use, it is better to go to the maintenance site for battery maintenance, properly replenish the battery electrolyte, adjust the specific gravity of the electrolyte, check its electricity storage, maintain the specific gravity of the battery electrolyte, and increase the number of charges if necessary. At the same time, it is also important to clean the battery terminals and coat them with special grease for protection, which can ensure that the electric vehicle starts reliably and extends the battery life.